Company Incorporation (Leaflet 1)

All statutory information provided by companies to the CRO is available to the public for inspection and, where applicable, on payment of a small fee.

Please visit CORE.

This leaflet does not seek to interpret the Companies Act in any way.

While the staff of the CRO will answer any questions you may have, setting up a company brings with it many obligations and entails consequent expense.

It may be worthwhile taking advice from a solicitor or accountant as to whether an incorporated company is the best way for you to run your particular business.

There are a number of types of company available to be registered under the Companies Act 2014.

The majority of companies registered in Ireland are private limited companies and, of those, most are small with only one or two members.

Private Company Types
There are a number of types of private company which can be incorporated, under the Companies Act 2014:

• Private Company limited by shares (LTD)
• Designated Activity Company (DAC) limited by shares
• Designated Activity Company (DAC) limited by guarantee
• Private Unlimited Company (ULC)

 
Public Company Types
There are several types of public company:

• Public Limited Company (PLC)
• Public Unlimited Company (with shares)(PUC)
• Public Unlimited Company (without shares) (PULC)
• Company Limited by Guarantee (CLG)
• Societas Europaea (SE)

 
Limited Companies
The shares in a company are owned by its shareholders.

If the company is a limited liability company, the shareholders’ liability, should the company fail, is limited to the amount, if any, remaining unpaid on the shares held by them.

A company is regarded as a separate legal entity and, therefore, is separate and distinct from those who run it.

The company (and not the individual shareholders) is the appropriate person to be sued in the event that debts are incurred by the company which remain unpaid despite demand.

There are several types of limited companies:

• Private Company Limited by Shares (LTD): The members’ liability, if the company is wound up, is limited to the amount, if any, unpaid on the shares they hold. The maximum number of members is
  149. A LTD company does not have a memorandum of association. A LTD company can have one director if required (if it has one director only, it must have a separate secretary). A LTD company has no objects stated in its constitution. It cannot be a credit institution or insurance undertaking
• Designated Activity Company Limited by Shares (DAC): The members’ liability, if the company is wound up, is limited to the amount, if any, unpaid on the shares they hold. The maximum number of members is 149. A DAC company does have a memorandum of association in its constitution specifying its objects. A DAC company must have at least two directors
• Company Limited by Guarantee having a Share Capital (DAC): As this is a private company, the maximum number of members is 149. The members have liability under two headings; firstly, the amount, if any, that is unpaid on the shares they hold, and secondly, the amount they have undertaken to contribute to the assets of the company, in the event that it is wound up, being not less than €1. Such a company under the new Act is a Designated Activity Company and has specific objects set out in its constitution. A DAC company must have at least two directors
• Company Limited by Guarantee not having a Share Capital (CLG): This is a public company type. The members’ liability is limited to the amount they have undertaken to contribute to the assets of the company, in the event it is wound up, not exceeding a specified amount and subject to a minimum of €1. If a guarantee company does not have a share capital, the members are not required to buy any shares in the company. Many charitable and professional bodies find this form of company to be a suitable vehicle as they wish to secure the benefits of separate legal personality and of limited liability but do not require to raise funds from the members. A CLG company must have at least two directors.
• Public Limited Company (PLC): The liability is limited to the amount, if any, unpaid on shares held by the members. It should be noted that it is unlawful to issue any form of prospectus except in compliance with the Companies Act. A PLC company must have at least two directors

 
Characteristics of a limited company

• Unlike a sole trader or partnership, the company has a separate legal existence. This means that it is the company itself which owns property and that it is the company which may sue and be sued in respect of the business of the company
The company continues to trade irrespective of director or management changes until the company is wound up.
There is limited liability. This means that, should the company fail, the shareholders’ liability is limited to the amount of share capital contributed by them (i.e. the price of the shares held by them). The personal assets of directors/shareholders cannot be seized to pay off company debts.

 
An Unlimited Company
In an unlimited company, there is no limit on the liability of the members. Recourse may be had by creditors to the shareholders in respect of liabilities that may be owed by the company which the company had failed to discharge.
 
UCITS
A UCITS is a public limited company formed under EU Regulation (European Communities (Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities) Regulations 2011 & 2016) and the Companies Act 2014. The sole object of a UCITS is the collective investment in transferable securities of capital raised from the public that operates on the principle of risk-spreading.

The competent authority, which must approve all registrations of UCITS that wish to carry on activities within the State, is the Central Bank of Ireland.

In order to register a UCITS, you must submit Form A1 (Form of incorporation of a new company) and the draft memorandum and articles of association to the CRO.

Societas Europaea
A Societas Europaea or SE is a European public limited company formed under EU Regulation (Council Regulation 2157/2001) and Statutory Instrument 21 of 2007.

SE’s can be formed by merger, as a holding company or subsidiary or by conversion from a PLC.

Article 3 and 10 of the Regulation requires Member States to treat an SE as if it is a public limited company formed in accordance with the law of the Member State in which it has its registered office.

An SE can be formed in several different ways, each with different requirements:

• by merger
• as a holding company
• as a subsidiary
• an SE can form a subsidiary SE
• an SE can be formed by a PLC converting into an SE

Upon registration, an SE has legal personality. The registered office and the head office must be in the same Member State.

An SE has share capital and no shareholder is liable for more than the amount subscribed.

An SE is required to have a minimum amount of subscribed share capital of at least EUR 120,000.

For more information, see Information Leaflet 19 – Societas Europaea.

An EEIG
EEIG’s are provided for under SI No. 191 of 1989 – European Communities (European Economic Interest Groupings) Regulations 1989 and SI No. 447 of 2010 European Communities (European Interest Groupings) (Amendment) regulations 2010.

It is a mechanism through which business within the EU can engage in cross-border commerce. The purpose of an EEIG is to facilitate or develop the economic activities of its members.

An EEIG must have a minimum of two members, who may be companies or natural persons, from different Member States. The manager of a Grouping may be a natural person or a body corporate.

On registration, a Grouping shall be a body corporate, have perpetual succession and a common seal and have legal personality

To register an EEITG, a Form IG1 must be completed and lodged together with the contract signed by the members. The contract should include:

• Name of Grouping
• Official address
• Objects of the Grouping
• Name, business name, legal form, permanent address or registered office, number, and place of registration, if any, of each member
• The duration of the Grouping, except where indefinite

Who can form a company
The Companies Act 2014 generally allows one or more persons to form a private company for any lawful purpose by subscribing to a constitution.

A private company may have a maximum of 149 members and there is no limit on the number of members of a public company.

How to form a company
You need to send the following documents, together with the registration fee, to the CRO:

Constitution: This document sets out the conditions upon which the company is granted incorporation. It must contain provisions dealing with certain matters e.g. the name of the company and, if it is a company with limited liability, that fact must be also stated. The constitution will not state any objects if the company is a LTD – private company limited by shares.
This document sets out the rules under which the company proposes to regulate its affairs. Articles must be printed and divided into paragraphs and numbered consecutively.

The CRO does not provide drafts of the constitution to be used by companies other than the constitution as described in the Schedules to the Companies Act 2014.

Samples of such documents may be obtained from legal stationers, accountants, solicitors or company formation agents.

Company Type and associated Constitution format

• LTD – Private company limited by shares / Schedule 1
• DAC – Designated activity company limited by shares / Schedule 7
• DAC – Designated activity company limited by guarantee / Schedule 8
• PLC – Public limited company / Schedule 9
• CLG – Company limited by guarantee / Schedule 10
• ULC – Private unlimited company having a share capital / Schedule 11
• PUC – Public unlimited company having a share capital / Schedule 12
• PULC – Public unlimited company not having a share capital / Schedule 13

 
Form A1
This form requires you to give details of the company name, its registered office, its email address, details of its secretary and directors, their consent to acting as such, the subscribers and details of their shares (if any).

It incorporates a declaration that the requirements of the Companies Act 2014 have been complied with, and as to which activity the company is being formed to engage in.

What is a registered office address?
It is the address of a company to which CRO correspondence and all formal legal notices addressed to the company will be sent.

The registered office can be anywhere in the State. The address must be a physical location, not just a post office box number, because people have the right to visit the company’s registered office to inspect certain registers and documents and to deliver documents by hand.

It is vital a company keeps the CRO informed of the location of its registered office address.

A company notifies its change of address by sending a completed Form B2 within 14 days of the date of the change.

It is possible to have a registered office in the care of Registration Office Agent (ROA). The agent must have been previously approved by the CRO and the registered office will remain that of the ROA until such time as the company files a Form B2 to update the registered office address and to remove the agent.

To submit these forms, please visit CORE.

The minimum number of officers required by a company
All company types, with the exception of the Private Company Limited by Shares (LTD), must have one secretary and a minimum of two directors, one of whom is required to be an EEA-resident.

The exception in the case of the LTD company – Private company limited by Shares registered under Part 2 of the Companies Act 2014, is that they may have only one director if they so choose.

The EEA residency requirement applies to a LTD company also.

The secretary may be one of the directors of the company. A body corporate may act as secretary to another company, but not to itself. In a single director company (LTD), the director cannot also be the secretary. The director(s) has/have a duty to ensure that the person appointed as secretary has the skills necessary to discharge his/her statutory and other legal duties as may be delegated by the director(s).

All company officers have wide responsibilities in law. The key requirements are contained in Information Leaflet No. 16, “The Company Secretary” and Information Leaflets No. 2, “Six things that every company director should know about company registration”, and the Corporate Enforcement Authority’s information booklet on Company Directors, which is available here.

Exemption from the requirement to have a resident director
At least one of the directors is required to be resident in a member state of the European Economic Area (EEA). However, this requirement does not apply to any company which holds a bond, in the prescribed form (see Appendix 1, below), in force to the value of €25,000.

The bond provides that, in the event of a failure by the company to pay the whole or part of a fine imposed in respect of an offence under the Companies Act 2014 or the Taxes Consolidation Act 1997, or a penalty under the latter legislation, an amount of money up to the value of the bond will be paid by the surety in discharge of the company’s liability.

For further information on the definition of “resident in a member State” and bonds in general, see Information Leaflet No. 17, “Requirement to have an EEA-Resident Director”.

Who can become a company director?
In general terms, formal qualifications are not required, however certain persons may not become directors:

• a body corporate
• an undischarged bankrupt
• an auditor of the company
• anyone under the age of eighteen, as detailed in Section 131 of the Companies Act 2014
• as specified by the constitution e.g. if a director fails to attend board meetings without reasonable excuse for a specified period of time, or he/she becomes of unsound mind
• a person disqualified as a director by the High Court under Section 842 Companies Act 2014 is debarred from becoming a director for the period specified in the court order
• a person who has been convicted on indictment of any indictable offence in relation to a company, or any indictable offence involving fraud or dishonesty, is automatically disqualified for five years (or for such period as the court may order) from being appointed as a director or from being concerned in any way in the promotion, management or formation of any company
• if an appointment as director would cause a person to exceed the statutory limit on the number of directorships imposed by Section 142 of the Companies Act 2014, that appointment is void

 
A person restricted as a director by the High Court pursuant to section 819 Companies Act 2014 may not become a director of a company for a period of five years, unless the company has a minimum fully paid up share capital of €500,000 in the case of a public limited company or public unlimited company, or €100,000 (any other company).

Limitation on the number of Irish directorships that may be held by a person
A person shall not at a particular time be a director of more than 25 companies.

Certain companies, however, are not reckoned for the purpose of calculating the number of companies of which a person is a director. The following categories of company are not reckoned in the assessment of a person’s number of directorships:

• (a) a public limited company
• (b) a company in respect of which a certificate under Section 140 of the Companies Act 2014 is in force

 
Where a person is a director of two or more companies, one of which is the holding company of the other(s), these are counted as the one company.

In addition, where the company is a company falling within one or more categories of company specified in the table to section 142 of the Companies Act 2014, the director or the company may deliver to the Registrar Form B68 for her consideration.

Form B68 is required to be signed by:

• (a) either a director or secretary where the company in question wishes to be excluded from consideration for the purposes of calculating the number of companies of which any person is a director for the purposes of Section 142 of the Companies Act 2014, or
• (b) a person who is or expects to become a director of the company concerned and who wishes it to be excluded from consideration in calculating the number of companies of which he/she is a director for the purposes of Section 142 of the Companies Act 2014.

 
If the Registrar refuses to issue a certificate on foot of a Form B68, there is a right of appeal to the Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment, who has the right to substitute his/her decision for that of the Registrar.

The Minister can also direct that a company is not to be included amongst the companies that are reckoned for the purposes of section 142(1).

Any person who contravenes Section 142(1) of the Companies Act 2014 is guilty of a category 4 offence. An appointment of a person as a director of a company which contravenes Section 142(1) of the Act is void.

Can a director/secretary, who is currently disqualified in another jurisdiction from acting as such, be appointed as a director on incorporation?
Yes. However, if a person who is being appointed director of a company is a person who is currently disqualified under the law of another state (whether pursuant to an order of a judge or a tribunal or otherwise) from being appointed or acting as a director or secretary of a body corporate or undertaking, that person is required by law to ensure that the Form A1 is accompanied Form B74.

On receipt of a Form B74, the CRO notifies the Corporate Enforcement Authority (CEA).

The CEA may apply to the High Court pursuant to have a person who is disqualified abroad disqualified in this jurisdiction also.

The High Court may make such order if it is satisfied that, if the conduct of the person which gave rise to the order being made against him had occurred in Ireland, it would have been proper to make a Section 842 (of the Companies Act 2014) disqualification order against him.

If Form B74 is not delivered with Form A1 or if the form is false or misleading in a material respect, then upon the delivery to the CRO of Form A1, the individual concerned is deemed to be subject to a disqualification order for the remainder of period of the foreign disqualification.

Non-delivery of Form B74 with Form A1 when it should have been delivered accordingly results in automatic disqualification of the individual concerned from acting as auditor, director or other officer, receiver, liquidator or examiner and precludes him/her from in any way, whether directly or indirectly, being concerned or taking part in the promotion, formation or management of any company or any society registered under the Industrial and Provident Societies Acts 1893-2018.

Must a company carry on an activity in the State?
A company will not be incorporated unless it appears to the Registrar of Companies that the company, when registered, will carry on an activity in the Republic of Ireland. “Activity” means “any activity that a company may be lawfully formed to carry on and includes the holding, acquisition or disposal of property of whatsoever kind”.

Form A1 contains a declaration that one of the purposes for which the company is being formed is the carrying on by it of an activity in the State. The declaration contains the following particulars:

• the general nature of the activity and the appropriate NACE code classification. The NACE code is the common basis for statistical classifications of economic activities within the EU and can be accessed on www.cro.ie
• the place(s) in the State where it is proposed to carry on the activity
• the place, whether in the State or not, where the central administration of the company will normally be conducted

 
In the event a company is being formed to conduct two or more activities within the State, the particulars to be furnished on Form A1 relate to the principal activity. Even though a LTD Company – private limited by shares company registered under Part 2 Companies Act 2014 – does not have stated objects in its constitution it is still required to provide the NACE code information on the form A1.

Documents sent to the CRO
All documents are subject to checks (see Appendix 3 for checklist). If the application and proposed company name are in order, a certificate of incorporation will issue to the presenter.

The documents delivered are retained by the CRO and are made available for public inspection.

4.1 Can I choose any name I want for my company?
No, there are restrictions on your choice of company name. The CRO may have to refuse a name if:

• it is identical to or too similar to a name already appearing on the register of companies
• it is offensive
• it would suggest state sponsorship

 
The following guidelines will assist you in assessing the acceptability or otherwise of company names:

• It is generally recommended that company names include extra words so as to create a sufficient distinction between names. Certain words and their abbreviations together with accents and punctuation marks are not sufficient to distinguish between company names. Examples of such words include the definite article and the words “company”, “co”, “corporation”, “and”, “&”, “service”, “services” ,“limited”, etc. Place names are not considered to be a sufficient distinction between company names, e.g Ireland, Dublin, West, etc.
• Similar descriptive elements, e.g. press/printing, staff/employment agency, or the inclusion of only a general or weak qualification such as “holding”, “group”, “system”, “services”, “international”, etc. may not be regarded as a sufficient distinction between company names.
• Particular care should be taken with names considered to have a distinctive element i.e. names consisting primarily of made-up words or non-dictionary words. The inclusion of qualifying words may not be sufficient to create a distinction between company names.
• Names which are phonetically and/or visually similar will be refused. This includes names where there is a slight variation in the spelling and the variation does not make a significant difference between the names.
• A number on its own will not be accepted as a sufficient distinguishing mark, unless the company concerned is part of the same group.
• The use of a year in numerals to differentiate between two companies of otherwise the same name is prohibited.

 
Please Note: You are advised not to incur expenses relating to the proposed name (e.g. preparing signs, headed notepaper, stationery, etc.) in advance of receipt of the certificate of incorporation that will confirm that the company has been registered with the chosen name.
 
The following restrictions also apply to company names:

• Names containing certain words cannot be used unless approved by relevant bodies. For example, the words “bank”, “banc”, “banking”, “banker” may only be used with the permission of the Central Bank of Ireland. This also applies to names such as “hollybank”, “sweetbank”, “canal bank”, “bancorp”, etc. and the surname “Banks”, notwithstanding the fact that the company being incorporated may not intend to carry on banking business.
• The word “society”, “co-op” or “co-operative” cannot be used unless permission has been sought from and granted by the Registrar of Friendly Societies.
• The words “University” (Ollscoil), “Institute of Technology” (Institiúid Teicneolaíochta) or “Regional Technical College” (Ceardcholáiste Réigiúnach) cannot be used unless permission has been sought from and granted by the Department of Education.
• In the case of the word “Charity”, further information may be sought by the CRO to support the application.
• If a name includes words which imply specific functions, e.g. “holding”, “group”, etc., further information may be required by the CRO to support the application.
• The use of the word “standard” is prohibited.
• The use of the word “Credit Union” is prohibited under the Credit Union Act 1997.
• The word “architect” either alone or in combination with any other words or letters, or name, title or description implying that the person is so registered, cannot be used unless a Notice of Determination has been issued by the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland (RIAI). This does not apply to the names “landscape architect”, “naval architect”, “architectural technician”, “architectural technologist”, and “interior design architect” and similar terms.

Company type naming guidelines
Only companies which are particular company types may have the following words in their name:

• Limited (ltd) – Teoranta (teo)
  Public Limited Company (plc) – Cuideachta Phoiblí Theoranta (cpt)
  Designated Activity Company (dac) – Cuideachta Ghníomhaíochta Ainmnithe (cga) Company Limited by Guarantee (clg) – Cuideachta faoi Theorainn Ráthaíochta (ctr) Unlimited company (uc) – Cuideachta Neamhtheoranta (cn).
• Only the name of a Societas Europaea can be preceded or followed by the abbreviation SE. Use of the term ‘SE’ at the beginning or end of the name designates that it is a European Company.
• Please note that there may be a requirement for some management companies to include Owners’ Management Company in the company name. S. 14(3) of the Multi-Unit Developments Act 2011 provides that “the words “Owners’ Management Company” shall be included in the name of every owners management company to which this section applies”. This section applies to owners management companies of multi-unit developments in respect of which no contract for the sale of a residential unit has been entered prior to the enactment of this act or of a mixed use multi-unit development subject to section 2. Section 14 was commenced on 24th January 2011.

 
How to check a proposed company name
Applicants are advised to check that the name proposed is not similar to one already registered by checking the register of companies which you can do free of charge on CORE.

The CRO does not check proposed names against names on the business names register or the trade mark register. Applicants are, therefore, advised to check those registers to ensure the proposed company name does not conflict with a business name or trade mark since any person claiming to have a right to that name could take an infringement action or a passing off action to defend his/her interest.

You can search the business names register at the CRO (Access CORE here) and the trade mark register at:

Intellectual Property Office of Ireland
Government Buildings, Hebron Road, Kilkenny

Tel 056 772 0111/Lo Call 1890 220 223*
Fax 056 772 0100/Lo Call 1890 220 120*
Email ipinfo@ipoi.gov.ie Web www.ipoi.gov.ie

It is important to check that the name you want is not too similar to another name on the register of companies before you submit the company formation documents.

If your chosen name is too similar to the name of another company, and is accepted for registration by the CRO, through inadvertence or otherwise, an objection on grounds of similarity could be made in writing to the Registrar of Companies within six months following the incorporation of your company and you could be directed by the Registrar to change the company name. In considering whether names are too alike, the Registrar will take account of all relevant factors suggesting similarity and leading to confusion between the names of the two companies.

If the Registrar, pursuant to Section 30 of the Companies Act 2014, directs a company to change its name, such change must take place within six weeks of the date of the Registrar’s direction or such longer period as he/she may allow. A company that fails to comply with the direction will be eligible for prosecution.

Reserving a Company Name
The reservation of a company name facility, which allows for a company name to be reserved for a period up to 28 days, is available in electronic form and can be found on CORE in the “File a Form” section. You cannot reserve a Business (Trading) Name.

The application fee for reservation of a company name is €25 and this may be offset against your application for a new company if the reserve name certificate is submitted with the new application Form A1 within the specified period of 28 days. Section 30(2) of the Companies Act 2014 also applies to reservation of a company name.

The facility may also be used as a search tool enabling customers to check a proposed name against existing company names on the CRO register, and whether a proposed name would be considered acceptable by the CRO. This service is in addition to the existing “Company Search” function where you can check that the name proposed is not similar to one already registered.

Where to display a Company Name
Every business must paint or affix its name on the outside of every office or place in which the business is carried on, even if it is a director’s home.

The name must be both conspicuous and legible.

Which documents must the company name be shown?
The company must state its name, in legible lettering, on company letter heads, order forms, invoices, etc. For further information on the statutory requirements, see Information Leaflet No. 7, “Disclosure and Publication Requirements in relation to Companies and Business Names ”.

Can a DAC/CLG company be incorporated without including the word “designated activity Company ” or “Company Limited by guarantee” in the company’s name?
The word “Designated Activity Company” or “Company Limited by Guarantee” may be dropped from the company’s name where the company is a Designated Activity Company or a Company Limited by Guarantee and the constitution of the company states that the objects will be the promotion of commerce, art, science, education, religion or charity. In addition, the company’s constitution must state that:

• (a) the profits of the company (if any) or other income are required to be applied to the promotion of the objects
• (b) payment of dividends/distributions to its members is prohibited
• (c) all assets which would otherwise be available to its members are required to be transferred on its winding up to another company whose objects are the promotion of commerce, art, science, religion or charity.

 
It should be noted, however, that a company which is exempted from the obligation to use the words as part of its name, is still obliged to show on its letters and order forms the fact that it is such a company.

How to apply to exclude the words “designated activity Company” or “Company Limited by guarantee” from the name of the company
Complete Form G5 and submit this form to the CRO together with your application for incorporation. This form cannot be submitted on its own. You should ensure that the company’s constitution comply with the statutory requirements.

If, after incorporation, you wish to apply for an exemption, you must submit Form G5 with Forms G1Q and G1, along with the amended constitution.

For further information see Information Leaflet No. 24, “Exemption from use of Company Type Suffix as part of company name”.

A full listing of CRO forms is available here. The most commonly filed forms and documents are:

Form A4
A public limited company must not commence any business or exercise any borrowing powers until a certificate entitling it to commence business has been issued by the CRO.

To acquire such a certificate, the company must file Form A4 which confirms that the nominal value of the company’s allotted share capital is not less than €25,000.

Form B1 (Annual Return)
A company is obliged to deliver an annual return at least once a year to the CRO. An annual return contains details of the company’s directors and secretary, its registered office, details of shareholders and share capital. The return is required to be made up to the company’s Annual Return Date (ARD) and filed with the CRO within 28 days of that date. a company’s first ard is six months after its date of incorporation. A Form B1 (and any associated financial statements) must be filed online and can be completed on CORE. A company’s second return filed after eighteen months would have financial statements attached (see leaflet 23 for more information and details of exemptions).

Form B2 (Change of Registered Office)
Every company is required by law to have a registered office within the jurisdiction. This is the address to which all official documents, notices, court papers are required to be sent by law.

The address must be a physical location, not just a post office box number, because people have the right to visit the company’s registered office to inspect certain registers and documents and to deliver documents by hand.

A company notifies its change of address by sending a completed Form B2 within 14 days of the date of the change. The form must be completed online and the web version can be filed free of charge on CORE. It is an offence not to so notify the CRO.

Form B10 (Change of Directors and Secretary or in their details)
Form B10 is filed by a company in order to notify the appointment of an officer post-incorporation, the cessation of an officer’s appointment (resignation, removal, death, etc.) and to notify the CRO of a change in particulars in relation to an officer e.g. a change of name or a new residential address.

Form B10 is required to be sent to the CRO within 14 days of the change occurring. It is an offence not to so notify the CRO. The form must completed online and can be filed free of charge by completing the web version on CORE.

If a director becomes disqualified in a foreign jurisdiction subsequent to appointment Form B74a should be submitted.

Forms G1, G2, G1Q (Resolutions)

• (a) Special/Ordinary resolutions (other than resolutions for change of name) which are presented for filing must be either printed or typed and dated. The resolution must be signed by a current officer of the company per CRO records. It should be noted that special rules apply where resolutions are passed granting assistance by the company for the purchase of its own shares. These resolutions may be filed free of charge online at CORE.
• (b) Special resolutions for change of name (Form G1Q): Special resolutions for change of name must be printed or typed and dated and the current name of the company must match that on the certificate of incorporation. No other resolutions should appear on this form. A copy of the revised constitution showing the new company name must be submitted with the resolution and Form G1Q. Form G1Q can be completed online on CORE but still incurs a €50 filing fee rather than the paper filing fee of €100. See Information Leaflet No. 8, “Change of Company Name”.

 
Re-Registration (from one company type to another)
Most company re-registration types can be completed by the submission of form d20 along with a special resolution and a copy of the new constitution. Certain types of re-registration may require the submission of additional documents. Please see Part 20 of the Companies Act 2014 and information leaflet 35 for more information.

Public limited company to Societas Europaea – Forms SE4 and SE12
A PLC may be converted into an SE where the plc has for 2 years had a subsidiary governed by the laws of another Member State. See information leaflet 19 regarding SE’s.

Where to go to for help
While CRO staff will be able to advise you on matters generally, it is important to get things right when starting a company.

It may, therefore, be appropriate to consult a solicitor, company formation agent, a chartered secretary or accountant as appropriate.

Sending information to the CRO
If you wish to deliver documents by hand (personally or by courier) to the Public Office of the CRO. If you wish to send documents by post you should address them to:

Companies Registration Office, O’Brien road, Carlow, County Carlow.

Exceptions: correspondence which should continue to be sent to Gloucester Place Lower Dublin 1 In order to facilitate the prompt and efficient processing of the following documents, they should continue to be posted to the named sections:

– J Forms (Electronic Filing Agent Applications)
– General Correspondence.
– Statutory filings for:

New Companies

Mortgages/Charges

Company Re-registration

Change of Company Name

External Companies

 
Envelopes should be clearly marked on the outside for the attention of the relevant section as per the list above.

Should I file my post-incorporation documents online?
Online notification of changes to registered particulars is free, secure and quick. It is more reliable and more efficient than using paper and can cut down on administration. The facility provides for the completion of forms online, the results to be printed, signed and submitted to the CRO.

The status of electronically filed forms can also be checked at any time.

Certain forms are required to be filed online such as the form B1, B2, B10 and B73 as well as mortgage registration.

How to better manage your business with the CRO
CORE, the Companies Online Registration Environment, allows presenters to view, in a managed environment, up to date information on companies for which they are filing agent.

CORE enables them to:

• Check the status of their companies in lists which can be sorted in various orders
• Receive notification of filings for companies in their portfolio and of changes in the status of those documents
• Watch their companies
• Obtain their CRO account balance, transactions and statements

 
CORE can also help them protect companies from corporate identity theft by fraudsters who may attempt to change details of a company such as the officers, registered office or even company name and then use that company to defraud third parties into supplying goods and services or to obtain a good credit rating in order to borrow. By notifying them of any filings and of changes in the status of those documents they are provided with early warning signals of possible fraud.

CORE normally permits only one user at a time to view watched companies. So, should a professional advisor already have a company on his/her list and the company officer also wishes to watch his/her own company, a request can be submitted from within CORE.

For more details, visit CORE here.

COMPANIES ACT 2014 – SECTION 137(2)
COMPANIES ACT 2014 (BONDING) ORDER, 2015

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS:

1. THAT We, (name of Surety) (See Note One)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(in this bond referred to as “the Surety”), having our registered office at

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
at the behest of (name of company)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
having its registered office at

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

being a company seeking an exemption from the terms of section 137(1) or (2) of the Companies Act 2014 (in this Bond referred to as “the Act”) hereby undertake and acknowledge ourselves bound to pay to the nominated person (within the meaning of section 137(2) of the Act) such sum or sums of money as the nominated person may demand in writing –

(a) in respect of the whole or part of any fine imposed on the company in respect of an offence under the Companies Act 2014 committed by it, being an offence which is prosecutable by the registrar of companies,

(b) in respect of the whole or part of any fine imposed on the company in respect of an offence under section 1078 of the Taxes Consolidation Act, 1997, committed by it, being an offence that consists of a failure by the company to deliver a statement which it is required to deliver under section 882 of that Act or to comply with a notice served on it under section 884 of that Act,

(c) in respect of the whole or part of any penalty which it has been held liable to pay under section 1071 or 1073 of the Taxes Consolidation Act, 1997,

(d) with the consent of the Revenue Commissioners, such sum as may have been sanctioned by the Revenue Commissioners and the Minister for Business, Enterprise and Innovation in respect of defraying such expenses as may have been reasonably incurred by the nominated person in carrying out his or her duties under section 137(2) of the Act, whether such fine or penalty arises during or before the period of validity of this bond provided that the aggregate of such sums of money which the Surety shall be obliged to pay to the nominated person shall not in the period of validity of this bond exceed €25,000.

2. It is a condition of this bond that the Surety shall not become liable to pay a sum of money referred to in paragraphs (a) or (b) of clause 1 of this bond unless the time permitted for payment of the fine imposed by the Court has expired and the sum concerned has not been fully discharged.

3. It is a condition of this bond that the Surety shall not become liable to pay a sum of money referred to in paragraph (c) of clause 1 of this bond unless a demand for payment has been made of the company by the Revenue Commissioners and the sum concerned has not been fully discharged within the time expressed to be allowed for payment in such demand.

4. It is hereby acknowledged and agreed by the Surety that the granting of time to the Company in respect of the payment of a penalty imposed by the Revenue Commissioners shall not affect the liability fof the Surety under this bond.

5. This bond shall have effect for the period of commencing on the day of
20 and expiring on the day of 20 (in this bond referred to as the period of validity). (See Note Two)

6. It is hereby acknowledged and agreed by the Surety that in the event of this bond not being renewed immediately on its expiry, the Surety shall as soon as practicable thereafter, but in any event within 7 days, notify the registrar of companies to that effect in writing.

7. The Surety hereby acknowledges and confirms it will as soon as practicable after entering into this bond furnish a certified copy to the registrar of companies.

Dated this ___ day of ____ 20___.

Present when the Common Seal (See Note Three) of the Surety was affixed hereto:

Note One: Surety must be a member of a class specified in Schedule 2 to the Companies Act 2014 (Bonding) Order 2015 (bank, building society, insurance company or credit institution).

Note Two: Period must not be less than two years for the bond and may not commence earlier than the occurrence of the appropriate event which gave rise to the requirement for the bond.

Note Three: The Bond must be executed under the seal of the Surety.

(Companies which are not reckoned for the purposes of the 25 directorship rule, pursuant to section 142 of the 2014 Act)

1. A company that is an authorised investment firm within the meaning of the European Communities (Markets in Financial Instruments) Regulations 2007 (S.I. No 60 of 2007).

2. A company that is an authorised market operator.

3. A company that is an associated undertaking or a related undertaking, of an authorised investment firm or an authorised market operator, within the meaning of the European Communities (Markets in Financial Instruments) Regulations 2007 (S.I. No 60 of 2007).

4. A company to which Chapter VII, VIII or IX of Part II of the Central Bank Act 1989 applies.

5. A company that is engaged in the business of accepting deposits or other repayable funds or granting credit for its own account.

6. A company that is an associated body of a building society within the meaning of the Building Societies Act 1989.

7. A company that is an associated enterprise of a credit institution within the meaning of the European Communities (Credit Institutions)(Consolidated Supervision) Regulations 2009 (S.I. No. 475 of 2009).

8. An investment company within the meaning of Part 24 of the Companies Act 2014.

9. A company that is a management company, trustee or custodian within the meaning of Part 24 of the Companies Act 2014 or of Part 2 of the Investment Funds, Companies and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 2005.

10. A company that is an undertaking for collective investment in transferable securities within the meaning of the European Communities (Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 352 of 2011).

11. A company that is a management company or trustee of an undertaking for collective investment in transferable securities within the meaning of the European Communities (Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 352 of 2011).

12. A company that is a management company or trustee of a unit trust scheme within the meaning of the Unit Trusts Act 1990.

13. A company that is a general partner or custodian of an investment limited partnership within the meaning of the Investment Limited Partnerships Act 1994.

14. A company that has close links (within the meaning of the European (Capital Requirements) Regulations 2014 (S.I. No. 158 of 2014) with an authorised investment firm referred to in paragraph 1 or a company referred to in paragraph 5.

15. Any other company the carrying on of business by which is required, by virtue of any enactment or instrument thereunder, to be authorised by the Central Bank.

16. A company that is the holder of an authorisation within the meaning of:

(a) Regulation 2 of the European Communities (Non-Life Insurance) Regulations 1976 (S.I. No. 115 of 1976),

(b) Regulation 2 of the European Communities (Non-Life Insurance) Framework Regulations 1994 (S.I. No. 359 of 1994)

(c) Regulation 2 of the European Communities (Life Assurance) Regulations 1984 (S.I. No. 57 of 1984), or

(d) Regulation 2 of the European Communities (Life Assurance) Framework Regulations 1994, (S.I. No. 360 of 1994)

 
17. A company that is an insurance intermediary within the meaning of the Insurance Act 1989.

18. A company that is an excepted body within the meaning of the Trade Union Acts 1871-1990.

• The constitution must comply with the Companies Act 2014, and must be printed in clear black print on durable paper. The paragraphs must be numbered consecutively.
• The correct statute, e.g. ‘Companies Act 2014’, must be cited.
• If the company is a Designated Activity Company or a Company Limited by Guarantee and has not claimed the exemption under section 971(1)/1180(1) Companies Act 2014, the full name of the company followed by Designated Activity Company, Cuideachta Ghníomhaíochta Ainmnithe or Company Limited by Guarantee/Cuideachta faoi Theorainn Ráthaíochta as applicable, must be given; Abbreviations to DAC, cga, CLG or cft. are not acceptable.
• The company name must exactly match that on Form A1.
• The main objects of the company must be stated and must correspond with the principal activity identified in Form A1 (unless the company is a LTD company which does not have objects).
• Except in the case of an unlimited company and a guarantee company without share capital, the nominal capital of the company must be stated in the constitution. In the case of a guarantee company, whether without or with a share capital, the constitution must contain a statement that each member undertakes to contribute to the assets of the company in the event it is being wound up while he/she is a member, or within one year after he/she ceases to be a member, for payment of the debts and liabilities of the company contracted before he/she ceases to be a member, and of the costs, charges and expenses of winding up, and for adjustment of the rights of the contributories among themselves, such amount as may be required, not exceeding a specified amount. There is however an allowance for a LTD company – Private company limited by shares registered under Part 2 of the Companies Act 2014. Instead of the amount of the share capital which it proposes to register and its division of that capital, it can instead state that the share capital of the company shall, at the time of its registration, stand divided into shares of a fixed amount.
• In the case of a public limited company, the constitution must state that the company is to be a public limited company, as well as the amount of share capital (minimum €25,000) with which the company proposes to be registered and its division into shares of a fixed amount.
• The constitution must be signed by the subscribers, their addresses and descriptions) must be stated and their signatures witnessed and dated. With the exception of guarantee companies, each subscriber must handwrite the number of shares he/she will take (not less than one share).

 
The law prohibits the following matters:

• Banking objects are not permitted unless a licence has been obtained from the Central Bank of Ireland.
• A company is excluded from holding a bookmaker’s licence under the Betting Acts 1926-1931.
• A company cannot act as director, auditor, receiver or liquidator for another company.
• It is not permitted to carry on the business of insurance or re-insurance unless the Insurance Acts have been complied with. Where the business of insurance or re-insurance is mentioned in the objects of a company, the applicant must submit confirmation to the CRO that the Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation (Insurance Financial Supervision Section) has acknowledged notice under section 22(1)(b) Insurance Act 1989.
• A credit union, trade union or building society cannot be incorporated as a limited company.
• Broadcasting is prohibited unless the permission of the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland has been obtained.

Conditions of Company Incorporation Scheme

• The constitution must be printed in clear black print on durable paper. Each page should be A4-size (210mm x 297mm).
• No alterations may be made to the printed constitution once approved by and retained at the CRO, save for the insertion of the principal object clause, and share capital details.
• The additional text inserted in the principal object clause must not be more than forty words long and ought to include a maximum of two distinct activities. The principal activity must match the NACE code set out in the application, Form A1.
• The scheme may not be used for the formation of companies that are not required for immediate commercial use by the company promoters.
• If the accompanying forms are incorrectly completed, the documentation will be returned by post and, on relodgement with the CRO, will be treated as a new application.
• Agents must ensure that any/all information leaflets and notices that are issued to the agent by the CRO with the Certificate of Incorporation are passed on to their clients.
• A person who applies to become a member of the scheme and who trades under a business name must have a current business name registration under that name at the date of application and must maintain that registration for the duration of his/her/its membership.
• A company which applies to become a member of the scheme must be and must remain up to date with the annual return filing requirements under the Companies Act 2014 for the duration of its membership.
• In the event of non-compliance with any of the above, the CRO may forthwith terminate the membership of the presenter and in such event, shall notify the presenter in writing of the termination and the reason(s) for same.
• The CRO, in all matters, shall be the final arbiter in the interpretation of these conditions.
• Membership of the Fé Phráinn scheme does not create a partnership, relationship or agency or joint venture of any kind between the CRO and the Member.
• A member of the Fé Phráinn scheme shall not hold itself out as being or representing or otherwise associated or connected with the CRO. Without limitation to the foregoing, a member of the
  Fé Phráinn scheme shall not use or refer to the CRO and/or its logo in its website or in any advertising, marketing or promotional literature or press release or statement without the prior consent of the CRO.

 
Acceptance of Conditions
Company Name: ………………………………………………………….

Address: ………………………………………………………….

Phone No.: ………………………………………………………….

Signature : ………………………………………………………….

Date: ____ /____ /20____

E-mail: ………………………………………………………….

Schedule 1 Companies Act 2014

Form of Constitution of Private Company Limited by Shares

CONSTITUTION OF [name of company as below]

1. The name of the company is: __________________________________________________

2. The company is a private company limited by shares, registered under Part 2 of the Companies Act 2014.

3. The liability of the members is limited.

4. The share capital of the company is €50,000 divided into 50,000 shares of €1 each. / The share capital of the company is divided into shares of €1 each.

5. Supplemental Regulations (if any).

We, the several persons whose names and addresses are subscribed, wish to be formed into a company in pursuance of this constitution, and we agree to take the number of shares in the capital of the company set opposite our respective names.

Names, Addresses and Descriptions of Subscribers / Number of Shares taken by each Subscriber
1. [First Name Last Name]
Address:
Description:
Number of Shares taken by Subscriber:

2. [First Name Last Name]
Address:
Description:
Number of Shares taken by Subscriber:

Total shares taken:

As appropriate:

signatures in writing of the above subscribers, attested by witness as provided for below; or authentication in the manner referred to in section 888.

Dated the ————– day of —————- 20–

Witness to the above Signatures:

Name:—————————————————–
Address: