Financial Statements Requirements

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Companies are required to keep proper books of account which give a true and fair view of the company’s financial affairs.

Companies are also required to disclose details of their financial statements at the Annual General Meeting (AGM) and to attach a copy of those financial statements to the annual return filed with the CRO.

In addition, they are required to observe certain standards in the preparation of financial statements, following specimen formats and disclosing certain information by way of notes to the financial statements.

The Companies Act 2014 requires directors of all companies to lay the following financial statements and reports before the company members at the AGM:

  • a profit and loss account (or an income and expenditure account if the company is not trading for profit)
  • a balance sheet
  • a directors’ report
  • a statutory auditor’s report

 
The annual financial statements and directors’ report must be signed on behalf of the directors by two directors. (Where the company is an LTD Company, a Private Company Limited by shares, registered under the Companies Act 2014 and has only one director, the documents should be signed by the sole director).

The above-listed documents are required to be annexed to the annual return of a limited company on delivery to the CRO. (Small and Micro companies have certain exemptions). In addition, there must be a certificate, signed by both a director and the secretary, certifying that the financial statements and reports are true copies of those laid before or to be laid before the company’s AGM.

Part 6 of the Companies Act 2014 was updated by the Companies (Accounting) Act 2017. The 2017 Act was commenced for 9th June 2017. However, the introduction of the 2017 Companies Accounting Act did not change the citation of the Companies Act 2014. The Act of 2017 is separate from that of the 2014 Act and the two acts are not to be read together as one. The citation would only change where there is a specific mention in the Act itself to this effect.

Link: ​Account Certification and Filing Accounts Electronically

Link: Resignation of an Auditor.

If a company fails to comply with the requirements, the annual return will be rejected by the CRO. In addition the company and every officer of the company who is in default will be liable to a category 3 offence – fine not exceeding €5,000.

No financial statements are required to be annexed to the first annual return which is delivered by a company post-incorporation. This return is required to be made up to the date which is six months after the date of the company’s incorporation.

Public limited companies and private limited companies prepare annual financial statements in accordance with Parts 6/17 of the Companies Act 2014.

Financial statements Requirements
The financial statements requirements for different company types and sizes are detailed in the following pages:

 
Financial Statements in accordance with CA 2014
All financial statements filed with the CRO must be prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 2014.

Obligations regarding Financial Statements in the 2014 Companies Act
Under Part 6 of the Companies Act Act and in respect of financial years beginning on or after 1 June 2015, there are certain obligations under:

  • Section 167: Audit committees
  • Section 225: Director’s compliance statement and related statement
  • Section 305(1)b: Share options disclosure
  • Section 306(1): Payments to connected persons
  • Section 326(1)a: Director’s names
  • Section 330: Directors’ report: statement on relevant audit information)

 
Company cannot file two annual returns with the same set of financial statements
Section 347(4), Companies Act 2014, states that every document annexed to an annual return shall cover the period since the end of the period covered by the financial statements annexed to the preceding annual return and shall be made up to a date falling not more than 9 months before the date to which the return is made up. This means that each set of financial statements must start on the first day after the period covered by the last set of financial statements filed with the CRO.

Since 31 March 2016, the CRO requires companies to file a separate set of financial statements with each annual return.

Companies are reminded that the 2014 Companies Act provides a number of methods for moving an ARD date and for aligning ARDs and financial year ends (FYE’s).

These include the following:

  • under section 346(1), a company may file its annual return early and indicate on the Form B1 to change its ARD to the date that the B1 is made up to,
  • under section 346(2), a company may (once in every 5 years) move its ARD date forward by up to 6 months by filing a Form B73 with an on-time Form B1,
  • under section 346(5), a company that is a member of a group may align its ARD with its holding company or other subsidiaries by filing a Form B78A with the CRO, with no 5 year restriction,
  • under section 288(4), a company may, once in every 5 years, alter its financial year end by filing a Form B83 with the CRO, subject to the new financial year not exceeding 18 months. The 5 year rule does not apply where the company is a subsidiary or holding undertaking of another EEA undertaking.

 
Please note that section 288(1) of the Companies Act 2014, specifies that a company’s first financial year begins upon incorporation and ends on a date no more than 18 months after that date. This gives a company the flexibility to use their first full annual return (required to be filed no later than 18 months after incorporation) to file financial statements for a period shorter than 18 months in order to achieve the desired ARD / FYE combination, bearing in mind that the ARD cannot be more than 9 months after the financial year end.

Fixing of Length of Financial Periods
Under Section 288, Companies Act 2014, the Financial Statements attached to a company’s first full annual return (ie with Financial Statements) must cover the period from incorporation and must not be for a period longer than 18 months. Each subsequent financial year begins on the date immediately after the last financial year end date and must be for a period of no more than 7 days shorter or longer than 12 months.

A company may, by filing a Form B83 with the Registrar (filing fee: €15), apply to alter (ie shorten or lengthen) its current or its previous financial year end date which will then become its financial year end date for the future.

Form B83 cannot be accepted by the Registrar of Companies:

      (i) if the effect of the notice would result in a financial year in excess of 18 months or
      (ii)where the period for delivering financial statements to the Registrar for that previous financial year has expired.
      (iii) if the alteration would result in a gap in the periods covered by the company’s financial statements
      (iv) if the alteration would result in a company not filing an annual return in a given year
      (v) if the new B83 notice is made less than 5 years after a previous B83 notice.

     
    With regards to point (v), there is an exemption to the 5 year rule under section 288(10) Companies Act 2014 for a subsidiary undertaking or holding undertaking of another EEA undertaking if the new financial year end date specified coincides with that of the other EEA undertaking or where it is being wound up.

    The CRO requires companies to strictly adhere to the requirements of the Act that financial years must not exceed 18 months for the first financial year and 12 months (give or take 7 days) for subsequent financial years (unless the company files a Form B83 to alter its financial year end).

    Limited companies
    Public limited companies and private limited companies are required to prepare and file annual financial statements in accordance with Parts 17 and Part 6 respectively of the Companies Act 2014.

    Not-for-profit limited companies
    Companies Limited by Guarantee (a form of public company with limited liability which are not trading for the acquisition of gain by the members) are required to prepare and file financial statements in accordance with Parts 6 and 18 of the Companies Act 2014.

    A Designated Activity Company limited by guarantee has to file financial statements with the CRO ( i.e a company limited by guarantee and having a share capital which is not trading for the acquisition of gain by the members) in accordance with Parts 6 and 16 of the Companies Act 2014.

    In both cases they must file financial statements unless exempted by the Charities Regulatory Authority.

    Group Financial statements
    Group financial statements are prepared either under the Companies Act or IFRS financial reporting frameworks and are required under section 293 Companies Act 2014.

    Banks and financial institutions
    Annual financial statements and consolidated financial statements of banks and other financial institutions must be prepared in accordance with the European Communities (Credit Institutions: Financial Statements) Regulations, 2015 (S.I. 266 of 2015).

    Insurance undertakings
    Annual financial statements and consolidated financial statements of insurance undertakings must be prepared in accordance with the European Communities (Insurance Undertakings: Financial Statements) Regulations 2015 (S.I. No. 262 of 2015). Please see Insurance Brokers and the Audit exemption.

    Unlimited companies and partnerships
    An unlimited company is not necessarily exempt from the requirement to file financial statements as certain unlimited companies and partnerships (including limited partnerships) are obliged to prepare financial statements and deliver them to the CRO. Financial statements are required from such entities by virtue of section 1274 of the Companies Act 2014. Effectively, an unlimited company or partnership where all the members thereof who do not have a limit on their liability are companies limited by shares or by guarantee is obliged to file financial statements.